Which feature of electronic navigation systems is crucial for collision avoidance?

The feature that is crucial for collision avoidance in electronic navigation systems is alerts and warnings for nearby vessels. This functionality is essential as it provides real-time notifications to mariners about other vessels that are in proximity, allowing them to take necessary actions to avoid potential collisions. By employing technologies such as radar, AIS (Automatic Identification System), and other sensor data, these alerts enhance situational awareness and enable the navigator to make informed decisions to maintain safe distances from other vessels.

While automated routing systems, weather forecasting capabilities, and real-time data transmission have their importance in navigation and overall maritime operations, they do not directly address the immediate need for awareness of other vessels in the vicinity. Automated routing can assist in determining how to navigate a route safely, but without alerts about surrounding traffic, the risk of collision remains high.